Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to have been doing." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Will"

[will have been + present participle]

Examples:

• You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
• Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
• You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To"

[am/is/are + going to have been + present participle]

Examples:

• You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
• Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
• You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.

copied from: english page

Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done." Unlike Simple Futureforms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect with "Will"

[will have + past participle]

Examples:

• You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
• Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
• You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To"

[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]

Examples:

• You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
• Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
• You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

copied from: english page

Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike Simple Futureforms, Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Continuous with "Will"

[will be + present participle]

Examples:

• You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
• Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
• You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

FORM Future Continuous with "Be Going To "

[am/is/are + going to be + present participle]

Examples:

• You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
• Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
• You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

copied from: english page

Simple Future Tense

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.


FORM Will

[will + verb]

Examples:

• You will help him later.
• Will you help him later?
• You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To

[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Examples:

• You are going to meet Jane tonight.
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
• You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

copied from: english page

Verb + -ing

Examples:

I enjoy swimming (not 'I enjoy to swim')

Would you mind closing the window? (not 'would you mind to close the window?')


 
After these verbs, you have to add –ing behind it:

Stop	Everybody stopped talking. There was silence
Delay	The plane delayed flying because hard rain
Fancy	I fancy going to the café this night
Consider	I consider reading book now.
Admit
Miss	I miss ringing her.
Involve
Finish	I've finished cleaning the flat
Postpone
Imagine	I imagine driving ferrari
Avoid	He tried to avoid answering my question
Deny
Risk
Practise

 
Note the negative form not –ing:

When I'm holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.


 
We also use –ing after:

Give up = (stop)	Mimien has given up smoking
Put off = (postpone)
Carry on / go on = (continue)	We can't go on living like this
Keep / keep on = (do something continuously or repeatedly)	Don't keep interrupting me while I'm speaking

 

Correct Use of punctuation

The apostrophe or inverted comma is a much misused part of English punctuation, but there is a prescribed way of using it, which is quite Byzantine even when the rules are set out. As with so much of English, it is somewhat illogical in its function, the finer points being confused even by master grammarians. One way of looking at it is that the apostrophe is always used to mark contractions - spaces in words where letters have been left out for ease of pronunciation. However, because of the organic way in which English has evolved, there are plenty of loopholes, to be clarified here.
The language and attitudes towards it are evolving. The rapid evolution of computers has led to a general reduction in the amount of punctuation used. What was convention 30 years ago is now largely ignored. Formerly, plane was regarded as a contraction of aeroplane, and used to be written 'plane. No one does this any more, and because plane has become a word in its own right; most grammarians agree that this usage is no longer regarded as correct. Thus, while this article dwells on 'rules', it should be remembered that they are not set in stone for all time.
Where to Use Apostrophes
Contractions
The apostrophe is used to denote missing letters in words that over the years have been dropped to ease pronunciation. The commonest examples are the auxiliary verbs and the word 'not'. Thus I am becomes I'm and are not becomes aren't. Of course there are exceptions, notably am not changing to ain't in what is a stupendous piece of illogicality¹. Some nouns can be shortened in the same way: a ship's forecastle proved to be too hard to say, so the second syllable was dropped and it became fo'c'sle because lazy sailors preferred it that way. Similarly, five of the clock became five o'clock. Some words gain apostrophes only in lyrical works, to help illustrate the rhythm - an examples of this is ev'ry.
Possession
Possession is nine tenths of the law, even in the grammar of apostrophes. The majority of pitfalls in using apostrophes occur when trying to say something belongs to something else. But with the aid of this handy guide, grammatical foibles will be eradicated forever. How handy.

• Singular possessive: The apostrophe is used to indicate possession with all nouns, both proper and common. The rules here are straightforward: add an apostrophe and an s. The ball belonging to Jack is Jack's Ball. The ball belonging to the man is the man's ball. The apostrophe comes between the word and the s. What could be easier?
  However, words ending with an s present a problem. There are two valid options in this case. It is either Jesus' teaching or Jesus's teaching. Elegance would seem to preclude the latter.
• Plural possessive: The same elements are used, but in a different order: add an s then an apostrophe. Thus the ball belonging to the boys is the boys' ball.
  Naturally, the English language is not going to let such a rule getting away with being so easy. For plural nouns not ending in s, like men, for example, the rule is the same as for most singular nouns. The ball belonging to the men is the men's ball (Manchester United, for example, has lots of balls) .

Plurals (see below!)
In the solitary case of single lower case letters, it is preferable to use an apostrophe to avoid confusion, as in 'mind your p's and q's'.
Foreign Words
An apostrophe also appears in foreign words written in English, used to transcribe a curious pronunciation, the glottal stop²: Qur'an, Hawai'i. The apostrophe in these cases is purely decorative, as the glottal stop is usually ignored by English speakers.
Where Not to Use Apostrophes
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
These are technical terms for two very common groups of words. The first group, is your, her, his, its and their. Notice the complete lack of apostrophes - the ball belonging to it is signified as its ball. And 'his' is not 'he's'. The corresponding possessive pronouns all end in s, with, once again, not an apostrophe in sight: yours, hers, his, its and theirs.
There is perhaps understandable confusion between the 'its' here with the contraction of 'it is' - it's. This is somewhat contradictory but helps to show that there is a difference in meaning between it is and that which belongs to it. This rule is frequently overlooked. Don't be a statistic.
Plurals
Excepting the one case above, there is no need to use any apostrophe with plurals.

• There seems to be some primordial urge in writers of shop signs to use it to denote plurals. This is manifestly wrong.
• CD's: The plural of CD is, by convention, CDs. Alternatively, CD's may be used too, though this is not at all recommended. This applies to all other abbreviations like HGVs or A to Zs. Capisce?
• 1000's: If by some gruesome mischance you feel you need to butcher the beauty of our language by telling us you have lots of things on offer in, say, your Poundsaver store, please have the decency to write 1000s. Especially if you have 1000s of CDs
• The 70's: The 70's are in fact the '70s. And don't you forget it!
• Pencil's: That means belonging to the pencil, not more than one pencil.

A Note on Style
Although clearly with the knowledge of correct apostrophe usage burning in your veins you will want to put your new-found skills to good use, be aware that, as with everything, there is a time and a place. In a formal essay or letter, using a word like don't is very poor style indeed. Choose the elongated form.
Quotations
There are many factors to be taken into consideration when making a quotation. Punctuation varies in this case between the US and Great Britain, and printers' conventions are different again.

• In British English: Quotations are displayed with a single inverted comma: 'Thou, Nature, art my goddess; to thy law my services are bound'³. Speech marks are double inverted commas, like this ".
• In American English: Here, conventions dictates that both quotation and speech are displayed using double inverted commas. Increasingly, British printers choose to use the American convention in order to appear more global.
• In General: One final point. To quote speech, do this: '"Your punctuation is atrocious," he said'.

---

¹ At first glance, anyway. But we won't get into that.
² the guttural sound replacing [t] (in 'bottle', for example) for some English speakers.
³ King Lear (Shakespeare) Act 1, Scene ii.

taken from: BBC 

When...? How long...? For and Since

When…? Is used in past simple and How long…? Is used in present perfect.

Examples:

A             :  When did it start raining?

Q             :  It started raining (2 hours ago/at 12 o’clock)

A             :  How long has it been raining?

Q             :  It’s been raining (for an hour/since 12 o’clock)

A             :  When did John and Sue firs meet?

Q             :  They first met (a long time ago/when they were child)

A             : How long have John and Sue known each other?

Q             : They have known each other (for a long time/since they were child)

We use both for and since to say how long something has been happening.

For is used when we say a period of time (an hour ago/2 hours ago/5 weeks/1 month/1 year/etc). And we use since to express the time of the period is started (5 o’clock, Monday, 1989, etc).

Give your attention to the examples below:

Tom has been working in bank for 1 year.

 (not since 1 year)

Sally has not seen Tom for three days.

Tom has been living here since 1989.

(from 1989 until now)

Sally has been seen Tom since Monday.

(from Monday until now)

For can be left out but not usually in negative sentences

Example               :  They have been married (for) ten years.

                               They have not had a holiday for ten years. (in negative sentence, you must use for)

We say It’s (a long time/five years/etc) since something happened

Example               :  It’s five years since I last saw Tom (I haven’t seen Tom for five years)

The question is How long is it since…?

Example               :  How long it since you last saw Tom? (when did you last see Tom?)

5W1H question

In this post, you can read about 5W1H with an example.

• Who

It is used to ask about subject refers to people
Example: Who come to my house this morning?

• What

It is used to ask about selection of definite number.
Example: What does this sign mean?

• When

It is used to ask about the time
Example: When did you come from Makassar?

• Why

It is used to ask about the reason.
Example: Why are you come late?

• Where

It is used to ask about the place.
Example: Where do you live?

• how

It is used to ask abou manner.
Example: How do you come to school?

Modal Auxiliaries to Express Possibility

may/might, can/could
although could is used in conditional, could can also be used to express possibility. may, might, can, could mean the same.

use modal auxiliaries to talk about possibilities or possible actions in the future.

EXAMPLE:
The weather is not good. It might rain this afternoon (perhaps it will rain)

If I had know ..... I wish I had know

Last two week, Daeng Baco was in hospital for 3 days. Daeng Toa didn't know this, so he didn't visit Daeng Baco. They met few days ago. Daeng Toa said:

"If I had know you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you"

Daeng Toa said: "If I had know you were in hospital"
                          means that Daeng Toa doesn't know that Daeng Baco was in hospital.

Can you write another example??

passive voice

what is the meaning of passive voice?
passive voice is a sentence in which the subject is affected an action of the verb. The general form of passive is "to be + V3." Passive voice focus in an action. You have to notice that passive voice is formed by transitive verbs (need object) and the second rule is "don;t ever change the tenses."
For example: ACTIVE   = Cuplis buy a book
                     PASSIVE  = a book is bought by Cuplis

passive in simple present (am/is/are + V3)
A: Panjul sell the car
P: the car is sold by Panjul


Passive in Simple Past (was/were + V3)
A: Mansyuur ate meal
P: meal was eaten by Mansyuur


Passive in Present Continuous (have/has + been + V3)
A: She has broke the computer
P: the computer has been broken by her


Passive in future (will/th be going to + be + V3)
A: I am going to repair this computer            A: My father will buy a new car
P: this computer is going to be repaired         P: a new car will be bough by My father


Passive with modals (may, will, should, can, etc) (modal + be + V3)
A: I can write a letter
P: the letter can be written by me